Sometimes marriages begin under circumstances that make them invalid from the start. Unlike divorce, which ends a valid marriage, an annulment declares that a legal marriage never existed in the first place. Nevada law provides specific grounds for annulment.
Here Are The Legal Grounds for Annulment in Nevada
Nevada law recognizes several specific grounds that make a marriage eligible for annulment. You must prove at least one of these grounds to qualify. Contrary to popular belief, the length of marriage alone is not grounds for annulment—whether you’ve been married for two days or two decades, what matters are the circumstances, not the duration.
1. Existing Marriage (Bigamy)
If either spouse was already legally married to someone else when your marriage took place, your marriage is considered void from the beginning. It’s like trying to sign a contract when someone else already holds the exclusive rights—legally impossible.
This type of marriage is automatically void under Nevada law, as bigamy is also a criminal offense. While no formal annulment is technically required to invalidate a bigamous marriage, most people obtain a court order declaring it null to create a clear legal record.
2. Close Blood Relatives (Incestuous Marriage)
Nevada prohibits marriage between close blood relatives—specifically, relatives nearer than second cousins (including half-blood relationships). These marriages violate fundamental public policy and are considered void from inception.
Think of this restriction like building code regulations that prohibit certain unsafe construction practices—the law steps in to prevent unions that society has determined carry inherent risks.
3. Underage Marriage (Lack of Parental Consent)
When one spouse was under the legal age to marry and didn’t receive the required consent, the marriage can be annulled. In Nevada, a 17-year-old may marry only with both parental consent and court approval. Without these authorizations, the marriage is voidable.
This ground comes with strict time limitations. The underage spouse (or their legal representative) must file for annulment within one year of reaching age 18. Additionally, if the couple continues living together as husband and wife after the underage spouse turns 18, the right to annul on this ground is lost—similar to how a temporary license becomes permanent after a probationary period has passed without incident.
4. “Want of Understanding” (Lack of Mental Capacity)
At the time of the marriage ceremony, if one spouse lacked the mental capacity to consent or understand the nature of marriage, an annulment may be granted. This could be due to:
- Mental illness or insanity
- Severe intoxication from alcohol or drugs
- Other mental impairment that prevented genuine consent
The key factor is whether the person was capable of understanding what marriage entails and providing meaningful consent. It’s comparable to signing a complex financial agreement while under heavy sedation—you can’t truly consent to something you don’t comprehend.
However, if an insane spouse later regains sanity and the couple willingly continues living together, the right to annul the marriage on this basis is lost. The law views this continued cohabitation as a ratification of the marriage.
5. Fraud
One of the most common grounds for annulment involves fraud—when one spouse only agreed to marry because the other intentionally misrepresented or concealed a crucial fact. However, not just any deception qualifies.
The fraud must go to the “essence of the marriage” itself. Courts typically look for misrepresentations directly related to the marital relationship, such as:
- Secret inability or unwillingness to have children when this was discussed as important
- Concealment of inability to engage in sexual relations
- Marrying solely to gain immigration benefits with no intent to fulfill marital duties
- Concealing a serious communicable disease from the spouse
Think of this like buying what you believe is a functional car, only to discover it has no engine—the misrepresentation goes to the very purpose of the transaction.
The deceived spouse must prove the fraud with “clear and convincing” evidence—a higher standard than the usual civil case requirement. Additionally, once the fraud is discovered, if the spouses voluntarily continue living together, the court will not grant an annulment. This continuation is legally viewed as forgiveness or acceptance of the situation.
6. Duress or Coercion
If one spouse was forced or threatened into the marriage against their free will, the marriage can be annulled. This falls under Nevada’s broader category of “grounds for declaring a contract void in equity.”
Essentially, any reason that would invalidate a standard contract can also serve as grounds for annulment, including:
- Duress (threats or force)
- Undue influence
- Mutual mistake about fundamental facts
- Other circumstances that prevented genuine consent
The court will require compelling evidence of the coercion or other equitable grounds that undermined the marriage’s validity.
Time Limitations and Practical Considerations
With the exception of underage marriage (which has the one-year limitation mentioned above), Nevada generally doesn’t impose strict time limits for filing an annulment. You may seek an annulment even after many years of marriage, as long as you can prove the legal grounds exist. Speak with an annulment lawyer to find out if your exact situation applies.
However, there are important practical considerations:
- Evidence becomes harder to gather over time. Witnesses’ memories fade, documents get lost, and circumstances change—making your case more difficult to prove the longer you wait.
- Property division gets more complex in longer marriages. Even if a marriage is annulled after many years, Nevada courts may still divide property acquired during the union equitably between the parties.
- Children remain legitimate. Any children born during a marriage that is later annulled remain legitimate under Nevada law, and provisions for their support and custody must still be addressed.
- Some grounds are lost through continued cohabitation. As noted above, certain grounds for annulment (like fraud or want of understanding) are forfeited if you continue living together as husband and wife after discovering the problem.
The wisest approach is to file for annulment as soon as possible after discovering the issue that invalidates your marriage. This strategy both complies with any specific time limits and strengthens your case by showing that you didn’t accept or ratify the marriage after learning of the problem.
The Annulment Process in Nevada
If you believe you qualify for an annulment based on any of these grounds, the process generally follows these steps:
- File a Complaint for Annulment with the appropriate Nevada court, clearly stating the legal grounds
- Serve the complaint on your spouse
- Present evidence at a hearing before a judge
- Obtain a Decree of Annulment if the judge finds your evidence sufficient
How Kelleher and Kelleher Can Help
Navigating the annulment process can be complex, particularly when it comes to gathering and presenting the evidence needed to prove your case. Our experienced family law attorneys at Kelleher and Kelleher can:
- Evaluate whether your situation qualifies for annulment under Nevada law
- Help gather and preserve evidence supporting your grounds
- Handle all court filings and procedural requirements
- Represent you at hearings
- Address related issues of property division and child custody
- Explain alternatives if annulment isn’t an option in your case
If you believe you may have grounds for an annulment in Nevada, contact us today for a consultation. We’ll help you understand your options and guide you through every step of the process.
Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Family law varies by jurisdiction, and individual cases may have unique factors. Always consult with a qualified family law attorney for advice regarding your specific situation.